In 1753-1756, a wooden Trinity Cathedral designed by an unknown architect was constructed near the barracks of Izmailovsky Regiment. Its characteristic feature was the position of dome like that of Ukrainian five-dome churches: the five-dome structure was shaped like a Greek cross. The domes of such churches crown branches of the cross and are oriented to the cardinal points.

The same design solutions and the same principle of positioning the domes were used during the construction of the existing brick Cathedral. This building was constructed to replace the old wooden church. The design of the new Cathedral prepared by Vasily Stasov was approved in 1827. On May 13, 1828, the construction of the Cathedral began. During the construction, metal beams were used for the domes instead of wooden ones. On February 23, 1834, the principal dome of the Cathedral was ruined by a storm. When the dome was reconstructed, the metal beams were replaced by wooden radial structures.

The Cathedral was consecrated on May 25, 1835. The contemporaries believed it to be one of the greatest works of Russian architecture.

The five-dome structure, with its compact and beautiful silhouette was a very successful architectural solution. In addition, there were huge porticoes consisting of Corinthian columns and a magnificent sculptural frieze above the walls of the Cathedral. The statues of angels in the niches were by the sculptor Samuel Gahlberg. Memorial boards with the names of soldiers of Izmailovsky Regiment killed in wars were attached to the walls of the Cathedral. The blue dome of the building was decorated with gold stars. Stasov used Corinthian columns to decorate the interior of the building. The indoor columns are covered with white artificial marble.

In 1886, the Glory Column monument (designed by David Grimm) was unveiled in front of the eastern portico of the Cathedral. The column consisted of five parts made of 108 trophy Turkish cannons. The column was crowned with a figure of Glory. Principal battles and heroic deeds of Izmailovsky Regiment of the Guards were listed on bronze boards attached to the column.

Unfortunately, this monument of the glorious victories of the Russian army has not been preserved. In the 1930s, it was dismantled, and the cannons were processed as metal scrap. At the same time, the Cathedral was closed.

During World War II, the Cathedral was seriously damaged by German artillery. Metal structures of one of the smaller domes were ruined. Thorough restoration began soon after the war and was completed in the 1960s. In 1990, the Trinity Cathedral was returned to the Church and the Divine service was renewed there.

In 1969, a bust of Vasily Stasov who had designed the Trinity Cathedral (by the sculptor Mikhail Litovchenko) was installed in front of the Cathedral.

In 1990, the building was returned to the Church.

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